UAS Sensor Placement
Phantom 4 Advanced is a DJI-manufactured unmanned aircraft system costing around 900 Dollars and is well-suited for aerial photography services to include full motion video and still pictures below 400 feet Above Ground Level (AGL). The camera sensor is located at the bottom of the vehicle and according to DJI’s specification:
The camera sensor can record UHD 4K (4096X2160) at 60 fps, at a maximum bitrate of 100 Mbps using the H.265 codec. It also allows you to capture still images while filming. The Phantom 4 Advanced camera sensor is even more significant than the Phantom 4 camera sensor, ensuring more explicit photos (DJI, n.d.).
The vehicle’s forward and downward system has a sensor can perceive obstacles up to 98 feet. Its gimbal system can provide the lateral, longitudinal and vertical stability. Gašparović et al., (2017) wrote:
A gimbal can be used both with fixed wing and multirotor UAVs, even though the vibration influence is not significant in a fixed-wing application and is not usually necessary to use. A gimbal smooths the angular movements of a camera and provides advantages for acquiring better images.
At the center of the vehicle, the navigation system comprises the compass and a satellite positioning system that includes GPS/GLONASS, and the vision positioning or GPS positioning ensures the vertical/horizontal hovering accuracy at specific range (DJI, n.d.). The 1.4-kg drone has 30 minutes maximum flight time and 45 mph maximum speed.
Requirements for racing unmanned aircraft system can be different from the one suite for aerial photography and full motion video. Horizontal speed will mostly be the variable determining the performance of each drone. Consequently, the forward vision sensors and the obstacle-clearing sensor must be placed in front of the vehicle without neglecting the vertical and lateral vision. Barin et al., (2017) notes:
In drone racing, pilots compete on 3D race courses with quadcopter drones. A first-person view camera feed displayed through an immersive head-mounted display gives them the sense of directly piloting the remote vehicle. The front-mounted camera is angled such that pilots can see straight ahead as the drone pitches forward during flight. The camera transmits video in real time to the pilot’s HMD; the feed can be tapped into for spectating purposes.
The DJI Mavic Pro cost 899 Dollars and have a maximum flight speed of 65 Km/h (40 Mph) can fly for a maximum of 27 minutes. The forward-mounted camera includes:
-a sensor with the following specifications: 1/2.3” (CMOS), Effective pixels:12.35 M (Total pixels:12.71M)
The WIFI operating frequency ranges between 2.4 G and 5G, and the vehicle can transmit up to 80 m(Distance), 50m(Height) (Unobstructed, free of interference) (DJI Mavic Pro, n.d.)
The 3-axis gimbal provides the lateral, longitudinal and vertical stability of the vehicle, and the equipment is located at the center. The controllable gimbal range falls between -90° to +30° for pitch and
0° or 90° (Horizontally and vertically) for roll (DJI Mavic Pro, n.d.). The UAV’s vision system comprises a downward and a forward component, and the obstacle sensor perception ranges from 49 ft to 98 ft.
References
The camera sensor can record UHD 4K (4096X2160) at 60 fps, at a maximum bitrate of 100 Mbps using the H.265 codec. It also allows you to capture still images while filming. The Phantom 4 Advanced camera sensor is even more significant than the Phantom 4 camera sensor, ensuring more explicit photos (DJI, n.d.).
The vehicle’s forward and downward system has a sensor can perceive obstacles up to 98 feet. Its gimbal system can provide the lateral, longitudinal and vertical stability. Gašparović et al., (2017) wrote:
A gimbal can be used both with fixed wing and multirotor UAVs, even though the vibration influence is not significant in a fixed-wing application and is not usually necessary to use. A gimbal smooths the angular movements of a camera and provides advantages for acquiring better images.
At the center of the vehicle, the navigation system comprises the compass and a satellite positioning system that includes GPS/GLONASS, and the vision positioning or GPS positioning ensures the vertical/horizontal hovering accuracy at specific range (DJI, n.d.). The 1.4-kg drone has 30 minutes maximum flight time and 45 mph maximum speed.
Requirements for racing unmanned aircraft system can be different from the one suite for aerial photography and full motion video. Horizontal speed will mostly be the variable determining the performance of each drone. Consequently, the forward vision sensors and the obstacle-clearing sensor must be placed in front of the vehicle without neglecting the vertical and lateral vision. Barin et al., (2017) notes:
In drone racing, pilots compete on 3D race courses with quadcopter drones. A first-person view camera feed displayed through an immersive head-mounted display gives them the sense of directly piloting the remote vehicle. The front-mounted camera is angled such that pilots can see straight ahead as the drone pitches forward during flight. The camera transmits video in real time to the pilot’s HMD; the feed can be tapped into for spectating purposes.
The DJI Mavic Pro cost 899 Dollars and have a maximum flight speed of 65 Km/h (40 Mph) can fly for a maximum of 27 minutes. The forward-mounted camera includes:
-a sensor with the following specifications: 1/2.3” (CMOS), Effective pixels:12.35 M (Total pixels:12.71M)
The WIFI operating frequency ranges between 2.4 G and 5G, and the vehicle can transmit up to 80 m(Distance), 50m(Height) (Unobstructed, free of interference) (DJI Mavic Pro, n.d.)
The 3-axis gimbal provides the lateral, longitudinal and vertical stability of the vehicle, and the equipment is located at the center. The controllable gimbal range falls between -90° to +30° for pitch and
0° or 90° (Horizontally and vertically) for roll (DJI Mavic Pro, n.d.). The UAV’s vision system comprises a downward and a forward component, and the obstacle sensor perception ranges from 49 ft to 98 ft.
References
DJI. (n.d.) “DJI Phantom 4 – Specs, FAQ, Tutorials and Downloads.” DJI Official, www.dji.com/phantom-4/info.
Gašparović, M., & Jurjević, L. (2017). Gimbal influence on the stability of exterior orientation parameters of UAV acquired images. Sensors, 17(2), 401. doi:10.3390/s17020401
Barin, A., Dolgov, I., & Toups, Z. (2017). Understanding dangerous play: A grounded theory analysis of high-performance drone racing crashes. Paper presented at the 485-496. doi:10.1145/3116595.3116611
DJI Mavic Pro. “DJI Phantom 4 – Specs, FAQ, Tutorials and Downloads.” DJI Official, www.dji.com/mavic/info.
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